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本文通过对1978~2009年中国农村制度变迁与农村居民收入增长之间进行了理论和实证分析,将农村居民收入增长划分为五个不同的阶段,农村制度变迁对农民的收入增长具有阶段性的影响作用,农村制度变迁是农民收入增长的重要驱动力。并借助动态面板数据模型,对1978~2009年中国农村农作制度、农村价格制度、财税制度,以及农村人口变迁制度等制度因素对农村居民收入增长的影响进行实证分析和检验,由此建议应该把农村制度创新作为提高农民收入增长的突破口。“,”This paper makes a theory and empirical analysis between Institutional Change in China＇s rural areas and rural income growth,and divides Institutional Change in China＇s rural areas into five different stages,also,get conclusion that rural institutional change is an important driver to farmer income growth.What＇s more,this paper uses dynamic panel data model,makes an empirical test among farming system in rural China,rural price system,taxation system,the system of rural population system and rural income growth,and get advice that we should be make institutional innovation in rural areas to improve farmers income growth as a breakthrough.