目的　了解 5岁以下儿童死亡趋势。方法　对 1 9962 0 0 0年 5岁以下儿童死亡监测资料进行分析。结果　 5年来 5岁以下儿童死亡率维持在 1 0 %左右 ;新生儿死亡和婴儿死亡构成呈下降趋势 ,1 4岁儿童死亡构成有上升倾向 ;死因顺位显示 :肺炎死因在下降 ,意外死因在上升 ,窒息、早产、先天性心脏病、其他先天异常的死因顺位无明显变化。结论　窒息、早产、先天异常、意外是今后防治重点 Objective To understand the death trends of children under 5 years of age. Methods The death monitoring data of children under 5 years of age from 1996 to 2000 were analyzed. Results The death rate of infants under 5 years remained at about 10% in 5 years. The neonatal deaths and infant deaths tended to decrease, while the deaths of children aged 14 years tended to rise. The cause of death showed that the cause of pneumonia was declining and the cause of death was Ascending, suffocation, premature delivery, congenital heart disease, other congenital anomalies no significant change in the order of the cause. Conclusions Asphyxia, prematurity, congenital anomaly and accidents are the focus of prevention and treatment in the future