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目的了解2012年湖南省不同地区不同时间各疫情菌株的病原学特征,分析比较各疫情分离株之间以及与常规监测分离株之间的遗传相关性,为追溯传染源提供依据。方法利用生化鉴定系统进行菌株鉴定,血清学方法生物分型,PCR方法检测毒力基因和脉冲场凝胶电泳技术(PFGE)进行分子分型。结果 2012年从湖南省疫情和监测样品中分离的17株O139群霍乱弧菌均带毒力基因,均为产毒株。在进行PFGE分子分型的17株菌中,有2起疫情酶切图谱完全相同,而该2起疫情与其他的3起疫情以及这3起疫情之间的酶切图谱不完全相同。结论湖南省2012年从甲鱼中分离的O139群霍乱弧菌毒力基因携带率高,是疫情频发的一个重要原因。从病人和食品中分离的菌株具有高度同源,进一步证实该疫情为食源性传播。分子分型图谱相似率100%的2起疫情传染来源一致,而其他各起疫情之间关联性很小或者没有,传染来源均不同。
Objective To understand the etiological characteristics of different epidemic strains in different regions of Hunan Province in 2012, to analyze and compare the genetic correlations among the isolates and routine surveillance isolates, and to provide basis for tracing the source of infection. Methods Biochemical identification system was used to identify strains, serological methods of typing, PCR detection of virulence genes and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) molecular typing. Results 17 strains of Vibrio cholerae O139 isolates from epidemic situation and monitoring samples in Hunan Province in 2012 were virulence genes, all of them were virulent strains. Of the 17 strains that carried out PFGE molecular typing, there were two identical maps of the two outbreaks, but the two outbreaks were not identical to the other three outbreaks and the restriction maps of the three outbreaks. Conclusions The high virulence rate of Vibrio cholerae O139 isolated from the turtle in Hunan Province in 2012 is an important reason for the outbreak of epidemic. Strains isolated from patients and foodstuffs are highly homologous, further confirming that the outbreak is foodborne. The origin of the two outbreaks with a similarity of 100% in the molecular typing map was the same, while the other outbreaks were not associated with each other or with different sources of infection.