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优先权制度源于古罗马法,是私法上一项古老而陌生的“特权”制度。优先权制度体现了国家维护公共利益,推行社会政策,保护弱势群体生存利益的立法思想,反映了法律对实质平等、公平、正义等理念的不懈追求,同时也蕴涵着和谐的基本理念,体现了现代民法对人的终极关怀的价值取向,符合现代民法发展的趋势。在我国构建民法体系的过程中优先权制度应当占有一席之地。建议借鉴法国法模式,在民法典物权编中设专章统一进行规定,同时保留特别法对优先权的规定。
The priority system originates from the ancient Roman law and is an ancient and unfamiliar “privilege” system in private law. The priority system embodies the legislative idea of safeguarding the public interests, promoting social policies and protecting the survival interests of the disadvantaged groups. It reflects the law’s unswerving pursuit of the concepts of substantive equality, fairness and justice, as well as the basic concept of harmony. The value orientation of modern civil law to the ultimate concern of people accords with the trend of the development of modern civil law. In the process of building civil law system in our country, the priority system should have a place. It is suggested to draw lessons from the French law model and set a special chapter in the civil code of property code to make uniform provisions, while retaining the special law on the priority provisions.