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美国于1977年在《露天采矿控制与复垦法》中确立了复垦保证金制度的法律地位,至今已有近40年的历史。清晰、稳定的复垦资金来源极大地促进了矿区土地的复垦,其复垦率已达到80%以上。与之相比,我国的复垦率仅为25%。2011年国务院通过的《土地复垦条例》规定,矿山企业应编制土地复垦方案并交纳土地复垦费。截至2013年,我国31个省(自治区、直辖市)已全部建立了矿山地质环境治理恢复保证金制度。但复垦资金管理上的政出多头,不但加重了矿山企业负
The United States established the legal status of the reclamation deposit system in 1977 in the Opencast Mining Control and Reclamation Law. It has a history of nearly 40 years. Clear and stable source of reclamation funds greatly promoted the reclamation of mining land, the reclamation rate has reached more than 80%. In contrast, our reclamation rate is only 25%. In 2011, the State Council approved the Land Reclamation Regulations, which stipulate that the mining enterprises shall formulate plans for land reclamation and pay land reclamation fees. As of 2013, all the 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) in our country have set up a system of recovery and security of mine geo-environment governance. However, the management of reclamation fund long, not only increased the negative mining enterprises