CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞(Treg细胞)是CD4+T细胞的一个亚群,在维持机体自身免疫耐受,诱导移植耐受等方面发挥重要作用。移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)是异基因造血干细胞移植最严重的并发症之一。在动物骨髓移植模型中证实Treg细胞可以促进移植物植入,减少GVHD的发生率和严重度,但并没有消除移植物抗白血病(GVL)的作用。在人体有关Treg细胞对GVHD的影响因研究者分析Treg细胞采用的表型不同,其结论存在不一致性。本文就新近Treg细胞生物学特性,Treg细胞与GVHD和GVL的关系的研究进展进行综述。 CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subset of CD4 + T cells that play an important role in maintaining autoimmune tolerance and inducing graft tolerance. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is one of the most serious complications of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. It was demonstrated in animal bone marrow transplantation models that Treg cells promote graft engraftment and reduce the incidence and severity of GVHD but do not eliminate the effect of graft-versus-leukemia (GVL). The effect of Treg cells on GVHD in humans is inconsistent with the conclusion that the researchers used different phenotypes to analyze Treg cells. This review summarizes recent advances in the biological characteristics of Treg cells, the relationship between Treg cells and GVHD and GVL.