最严格水资源管理制度是中国确保水安全的基本制度,包括用水总量控制制度、用水效率控制制度和水功能区限制纳污制度。在依法治国和依法治水的背景下,《水法》作为落实最严格水资源管理制度的基本法律,需要根据落实这三项制度的要求对相关条款和制度进行修订和完善。其中,落实用水总量控制制度需要《水法》完善水量分配和使用制度;落实用水效率控制制度需要《水法》建立水权交易机制,改革水价制度,健全节水管理制度;落实水功能区限制纳污制度需要《水法》完善水资源和水域的保护制度。 The most stringent water resource management system is China’s basic system for ensuring water security, including the total water control system, the water efficiency control system and the water pollution control system. In the context of governing the country according to law and governing the water according to law, as the basic law for implementing the most stringent water resources management system, the Water Law needs to revise and improve relevant clauses and systems according to the requirements of implementing the three systems. Among them, the implementation of total water control system requires the “Water Law” to improve the water allocation and use of the system; the implementation of water efficiency control system requires the “Water Law” to establish water rights trading mechanism, the reform of water pricing system, improve water management system; the implementation of water function area Restricting the system of pollutants requires “water law” to improve the protection of water resources and watershed system.