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用Griffing II等法对5个不同耐冷级别的标准品种及其配制的14个杂交、回交组合F1 进行穗部花药、颖壳和结实率等耐冷性状的细胞质效应、杂种优势和配合力分析表明: (1) 强、弱耐冷性状的影响是母本基因型和细胞质效应在子代的直接表达及母子物质交换效应综合作用的结果。(2) 地理远缘和耐冷性差异较大的品种间的杂交, 后代杂种优势较强, 尤其是丽粳2号、合系4 号与十和田间的杂交组合,无论是花药大小还是结实率均较高;丽粳2号药药大小与结实率性状的GCA明显比十和田、大理早籼高, 丽粳2号可作为云南稻种耐冷性育种的骨干亲本和培育近等基因系(NIL) 较好的遗传材料, (3) 不同组合耐冷性状的SCA差异较大, 昆明小白谷与大理早籼杂交SCA较高,GCA较低的大理早籼、十和田与丽粳2号杂交SCA也较高。(4) 水稻耐冷性强弱不仅与花药大小有关, 还与颖壳长增量有关, 可望提出耐冷性动态鉴定体系。
Griffing II method was used to analyze the cytoplasmic effect, heterosis and combining ability of five standard cold tolerance cultivars and 14 hybrids and backcross F1 combinations on the cold tolerance traits such as anther, glume shell and seed setting rate : (1) The effect of strong and weak cold tolerance traits was the result of the direct effect of maternal genotype and cytoplasmic effect on offspring’s expression and the effect of mother-daughter substance exchange. (2) The cross between the varieties with distant geographical distance and cold tolerance had stronger heterosis in the offspring, especially the hybrid combinations of Laijing 2, Hexi 4 and Shiwa, both the anther size and the seed setting rate The GCA of Lijing 2 was significantly higher than that of Shida and Dali early indica, and Lijing 2 could be used as the backbone parent and cultivating near-isogenic line (NIL) of cold tolerance breeding in Yunnan rice. Good genetic material, (3) The SCA of different combinations of cold tolerance traits were quite different. SCA of Kunming Xiaobai Valley and Dali early indica hybrids were higher, and SCA of Dali early indica, Shijiazhuang and Rejing 2 with lower GCA were higher. (4) The cold tolerance of rice is not only related to the anther size, but also related to the long increment of glume shell, and it is expected to propose a dynamic identification system of cold tolerance.