论文部分内容阅读
目的总结10年来我院收治的主要呼吸道传染病:麻疹、风疹、流行性腮腺炎、流行性脑脊髓膜炎的流行病学特征和临床特点,为疾病控制和临床诊治提供科学依据。方法对1996年1月至2006年4月我院收治的以上4种疾病进行描述性流行病学分析。结果总计入选病例1480例,其中麻疹808例、风疹159例、流行性腮腺炎388例、流行性脑脊髓膜炎125例。麻疹于2000年1月至2002年12月和2005年1月至2006年4月存在两个发病高峰,发病年龄较集中于18～35岁;风疹于2001年1月至2002年12月病例数较多,以18～25岁的集体生活人群多发;流行性腮腺炎各年病例数及全年病例分布较均衡;流行性脑脊髓膜炎以散发为主,患者主要是农民和进城务工人员。除流行性腮腺炎无明显季节性外,其他3种疾病均多发于3～5月份。流行性腮腺炎并发症发生率较高;4种疾病的疗效和预后均良好。结论目前麻疹、风疹、流行性腮腺炎、流行性脑脊髓膜炎发病仍维持在较高水平,且呈现新的特点,采取必要措施进一步降低发病率、控制暴发性流行十分必要。
Objective To summarize the major respiratory diseases admitted in our hospital over the past 10 years: the epidemiological features and clinical features of measles, rubella, mumps and epidemic meningococcal meningitis, and provide scientific evidences for disease control and clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was performed on the above four diseases admitted to our hospital from January 1996 to April 2006. Results A total of 1480 cases were selected, of which 808 were measles, 159 were rubella, 388 were mumps and 125 were meningococcal meningitis. There were two peak incidences of measles between January 2000 and December 2002 and January 2005 to April 2006, and the age of onset of measles was mostly between 18 and 35 years old. The number of cases of rubella between January 2001 and December 2002 More often to the collective life of 18 to 25-year-old crowd; the number of cases of mumps and the distribution of cases throughout the year more balanced; epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis mainly to sporadic patients are mainly farmers and migrant workers . In addition to no obvious seasonal epidemic mumps, the other three diseases are frequent in March to May. The incidence of mumps complication is high; the efficacy and prognosis of the four diseases are good. Conclusions At present, the incidence of measles, rubella, mumps and epidemic meningococcal meningitis is still at a high level, showing new characteristics. It is necessary to take the necessary measures to further reduce the incidence and control the outbreak of epidemic.