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根据气候变化公共产品理论,比较了2013年中国《国家适应气候变化战略》与美国、欧盟适应战略的林业内容,评估了我国与美、欧林业适应战略纳入国家安全的背景条件和战略异同,并重点分析了支持林业适应气候变化的现行财政政策框架。认为,我国基于林业适应战略与林业脆弱性、生态系统自我恢复弹性、国家安全的相互关系,科学识别需要林业提供的适应气候变化公共产品范围的决策机制还不完善。现有林业适应战略,对人工工程干预帮助生态系统自适应的角度考虑较多,对生态系统自适应的连通性、农村发展等考虑较少,且缺乏对人工干预系统方面须公共财政介入的领域进行分析。基于我国公共财政改革的三条考察标志,即财政目标、决策机制和分配机制,提出我国公共财政在支持林业适应气候变化促进国家安全方面,存在公共产品提供缺位现象,同时也具备了财政改良设计的形势需要和转变条件。建议增设林业适应气候变化专项资金,支持水安全的绿色设施、生态安全的绿色生态连通网和湿地、海岸蓝色生态连通网,粮食安全的混农林业、森林食物产业结构、农村发展,提升战略高度,加强支持力度。
According to the public goods theory of climate change, the paper compares the national adaptation climate change strategy of China with the forestry contents of the adaptation strategies of the United States and the EU in 2013, assesses the background conditions and strategic similarities and differences of our country’s adaptation strategies to the national security with the United States and Europe Focusing on the current fiscal policy framework that supports forestry adaptation to climate change. In our opinion, based on the relationship between forestry adaptation strategy and forestry vulnerability, resilience of ecosystem and national security, our country’s decision-making mechanism for scientifically identifying the range of public goods that should be provided by forestry to adapt to climate change is still not perfect. Existing forestry adaptation strategies take into account more human-engineering interventions to help ecosystem self-adaptation, less consideration of ecosystem adaptive connectivity and rural development, and lack of access to public finance for manual intervention systems Analyze. Based on the three inspection signs of public finance reform in our country, namely the fiscal goal, decision-making mechanism and distribution mechanism, this paper puts forward that the public finance in our country has the vacancy of public goods in support of the adaptation of climate change to the national security and also has the financial reform design Situation needs and change conditions. It is suggested that a special fund for forestry adaptation to climate change should be added to support green facilities for water security, green ecological connectivity and wetlands for ecological security, coastal blue ecological connectivity, agroforestry for food security, forest food industry structure, rural development and upgrading strategies Height, strengthen support.