自2007年爆发全球性金融危机以来,中国政府加大了对国民经济的宏观管理,实施了4万亿的经济刺激的计划。但这笔资金百分之九十流入了大中型国有企业,导致很多沿海民营企业严重受损。“国进民退”的争论此起彼伏,其到底是有利于抑或阻碍了经济体制改革的进程。本文主要从经济体制改革的历史回顾、民营经济发展的重要性等几个方面来探讨“国进民退”是经济体制改革的倒退,主张应鼓励、支持民营经济的进一步发展。 Since the outbreak of the global financial crisis in 2007, the Chinese government has stepped up its macroeconomic management of the national economy and implemented a plan of 4 trillion yuan of economic stimulus. However, 90% of the funds flowed into large and medium-sized SOEs, causing many coastal private enterprises to suffer serious damage. The controversy over the “withdrawal of state-owned assets from the people” has come one after another, which in the end is conducive to or hindered the process of economic restructuring. This article mainly discusses the reform of the economic system from several aspects, including the historical review of the economic system reform and the importance of the development of the private economy. It advocates that we should encourage and support the further development of the private economy.