丧礼作为一种具体的制度文化,是呼应社会等级需要而人为规定的礼仪程序。丧礼出现于何时已难究根源。《仪礼》和《礼记》中的丧礼程序是依据现实中的血缘、姻缘、政治等级关系而制定出来的,它确立了社会中的各个分子在丧礼中与其身份相应的位置,使得“小不得僭大,贱不得逾贵”~①。由《仪礼》和《礼记》及诸子著作中保存下来的已有严密治丧程序可推断,丧礼的形成经历了一个长期的历史过程,最终 As a specific system culture, funeral ceremony is an etiquette procedure that is required by the social hierarchy and man-made. When the funeral ceremony appeared, it was hard to find its root cause. The funeral procedures in Rite and The Book of Rites are based on the reality of blood, marriage and political hierarchy. They establish the positions of all the elements in society in their funeral rituals that make “ Small not big, not cheap too expensive ”~ ①. The well-established funeral process preserved in the ceremonies of Ritual and Book of Rites and its philosophical writings concludes that the formation of a funeral has undergone a long historical process and eventually