目的观察飞船应急返回高过载致猴内脏损伤的影像学改变。方法8只健康雄性成年恒河猴被随机分为+15Gx组、+18Gx组和+21Gx组,分别在动物离心机上承受相应峰值的抛物线形过载曲线作用;8只恒河猴分别在实验前、实验后2h、24h、7d进行多层螺旋CT(multislicespiralcomputedtomography,MSCT)检查,并对+15Gx组行脑灌注成像。结果各Gx组在过载作用后即刻肺脏出现了不同程度的气肿,部分出现气胸、肺出血;7d后肺部影像基本恢复正常。灌注成像显示+15Gx过载作用后2h、24h大脑呈缺血性改变,7d后血流灌注基本恢复正常。其它实质脏器如肝、胆、胰、脾、肾脏、睾丸未出现明确损伤(仅一例出现肝脏的局部损伤)。结论飞船应急返回高过载主要引起肺部损伤和脑缺血性改变,MSCT可早期检出损伤,并具有扫描速度快,重复性好,分辨率高的特点,在载人航天过载损伤的研究中具有广阔的应用前景。 OBJECTIVE: To observe the imaging changes of the insides of the monkeys during the emergency return of the spacecraft to high overload. Methods Eight healthy male adult rhesus macaques were randomly divided into + 15Gx group, + 18Gx group and + 21Gx group, respectively, which were subjected to the parabolic overload curve on the animal centrifuge with corresponding peak values. Multislicepiped computed tomography (MSCT) was performed at 2h, 24h and 7d after the experiment, and cerebral perfusion imaging was performed in + 15Gx group. Results In the Gx group, some emphysema appeared in the lung immediately after overload, and pneumothorax and pulmonary hemorrhage occurred in some cases. The lung image returned to normal after 7 days. Perfusion imaging showed ischemic changes of brain at 2h and 24h after overload of + 15Gx, and blood perfusion returned to normal after 7d. Other real organs such as liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, kidney, testes did not appear clear injury (only one case of local liver damage). Conclusions The emergency return of the spacecraft mainly causes lung injury and cerebral ischemic changes. MSCT can detect the damage early and has the characteristics of fast scanning speed, good repeatability and high resolution. In the study of manned space flight overloading damage have a broad vision of application.