由于我国长期沿袭的二元化经济结构,社会保障也呈现出明显的二元特征,随着城市化、工业化进程的加快,城乡分离的社保制度已成为一个亟需解决的问题。因此,本文从现阶段我国城乡社会保障的不平衡性入手,基于“以农补工”的发展模式、政府公共财政支出的“城市偏好”及农民收入低下且受传统观念影响等三个视角对其原因展开分析。由于不同区域的自然条件存在显著差异,短期内不可能建立城乡一体化的社会保障制度,鉴于此,本文提出明确社保责任划分、拓宽筹资渠道、完善社保管理机制、加快社保法制建设等短期对策。 Due to the long-term dual economic structure in our country, social security also shows a distinct duality. With the acceleration of urbanization and industrialization, the social security system separated from urban and rural areas has become an issue that needs urgent solution. Therefore, starting with the unbalance of social security in urban and rural areas of our country at this stage, based on the development model of “subsidies for agriculture”, the “urban preference” of government public expenditure and the low income of peasants and influenced by traditional concepts Three reasons for the analysis of the reasons. Due to the significant differences in the natural conditions of different regions, it is impossible to establish an integrated urban-rural social security system in the short term. In view of this, this article proposes short-term countermeasures such as clarifying the division of social responsibility, broadening the channels for raising funds, improving the social security management mechanism and accelerating the development of social security legislation.