地球外部的能量主要来源于太阳,而太阳辐射当其通过大气时,由于干空气本身不吸收辐射,仅只是很少的一部份被大气吸收。太阳辐射的射入短波其较大部份不论是以直接的或散射的方式到达地球表面,都被大气的下垫面——陆地和水面吸收了。因此大气主要是通过其下垫面的长波辐射,热扰动流量(潜热)及对流交换等来获得热量,也就是说,大气热机所需的燃料主要是从其底部添薪。而在下垫面中,海洋远比陆地重要,这不仅仅是由于在地 The energy outside the Earth comes mainly from the sun, and when it passes through the atmosphere, the dry air itself absorbs only a small portion of it because it does not absorb it. The greater part of the incident shortwave of solar radiation reaches the Earth’s surface both in direct and in diffuse ways, absorbed by the underlying surfaces of the atmosphere - land and water. Therefore, the atmosphere mainly receives heat through long-wave radiation on its underlying surface, thermal disturbance flow (latent heat) and convection exchange, etc. That is, the fuel needed for atmospheric heat engine is mainly from the bottom of the fuel. In the underlying surface, the ocean is far more important than land, not only because of the ground