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目的了解我国西南山区蚊类多样性空间分布格局的基本特征及与主要环境因子的关系。方法以云南省西部澜沧江流域9个纬度(21°~30°N)及6个海拔(500~3 500 m)为调查研究的空间和尺度,应用紫外灯诱捕法对居民区夜间活动的成蚊进行多样性调查。结果 (1)澜沧江流域居民区捕获蚊类180 099只,隶属于2亚科7属46种,其中按蚊属16种,库蚊属15种,伊蚊属11种,蓝带蚊属、阿蚊属、曼蚊属和脉毛蚊属各1种;(2)蚊类γ-多样性(物种丰富度)随着纬度升高,呈阶梯状下降趋势,随海拔的升高呈逐渐下降趋势;(3)β-多样性(Cody指数)随纬度的增加呈先升高后下降,后再升高的分布格局,两高峰位置分别位于24°~25°N和27°~28°N,沿海拔梯度呈先升高后逐步降低趋势,最高点位于海拔1 000~2 000 m;(4)聚类分析结果显示,澜沧江流域居民区不同纬度、海拔梯度带蚊类被分为3个地域区系类型,即东洋区系、东洋与古北区系的过渡区和古北区系;(5)澜沧江流域30个乡镇样点蚊类物种丰富度与纬度、海拔、温度、降雨量和蚊类密度的多元相关分析结果显示,物种丰富度与纬度和海拔两变量呈负相关(r=-0.720、-0.645,均P<0.001),而与温度、降雨量和密度呈正相关(r=0.598、0.675、0.785,均P<0.001)。结论受地理和气候条件等因素影响,澜沧江流域蚊类γ-多样性的空间分布格局总体呈随纬度和海拔增高而递减,随温度和降雨量增加而增高的趋势。在地理因素中纬度梯度对蚊类γ-多样性的影响较明显,气候因素中降雨量对蚊类γ-多样性有重要作用。
Objective To understand the basic characteristics of the spatial distribution patterns of mosquito diversity in mountainous areas of southwestern China and its relationship with major environmental factors. Methods Based on the spatial and scale investigation of nine latitudes (21 ° -30 ° N) and six altitudes (500-3 500 m) in the Lancang River basin in the western part of Yunnan Province, adult mosquitoes Conduct diversity surveys. Results (1) 180 099 mosquitoes were captured in residential areas of Lancang River Basin, belonging to 46 species of 7 genera in 2 subfamilies, including 16 species of Anopheles, 15 species of Culex, 11 species of Aedes, (2) The mosquito γ-diversity (species richness) descended stepwise with increasing latitude, and gradually decreased with the elevation ; (3) β-diversity (Cody index) increased firstly and then decreased with increasing latitude, and then increased again. The two peaks were located at 24 ° -25 ° N and 27 ° -28 ° N, respectively. (4) The results of cluster analysis showed that the mosquitoes at different latitudes and altitudes in the residential area of Lancang River valley were divided into three areas (5) The species richness of the mosquito species in 30 townships in the Lancang River basin is related to latitude, altitude, temperature, rainfall and mosquito The results of multivariate correlation analysis showed that species richness was negatively correlated with latitude and altitude (r = -0.720, -0.645, both P <0.001), but positively correlated with temperature, rainfall and density (R = 0.598,0.675,0.785, both P <0.001). Conclusion The spatial distribution patterns of mosquito γ-diversity in the Lancang River basin generally decrease with the increase of latitude and altitude, and increase with the increase of temperature and rainfall due to the geographical and climatic conditions. The influence of latitude gradients on the γ-diversity of mosquitoes is obvious in geographical factors. The rainfall in climatic factors plays an important role in the γ-diversity of mosquitoes.