目的　观察角膜移植术后的免疫排斥反应病理改变及甘草次酸对大鼠新生血管化角膜模型行穿透性移植术后免疫抑制的影响。方法　利用缝线诱发大鼠角膜新生血管。在角膜新生血管形成 1周后将 48只大鼠分成甘草次酸加地塞米松组、地塞米松组、甘草次酸组和对照组。各组均行同种异体穿透性角膜移植术。用免疫组织化学染色方法检测各组角膜植片中CD4+细胞、CD8+细胞、巨噬细胞、白细胞介素 -α受体、Ⅱ类主要组织兼容性抗原、细胞间粘附分子-1及淋巴细胞功能相关抗原 -1的表达。结果　排斥的角膜组织大量表达上述免疫细胞和分子 ,甘草次酸可以对这些细胞和分子产生明显抑制作用。结论　甘草次酸抑制T淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞的活化、增殖 ,延长角膜移植物的存活时间 ,并能强化地塞米松的效果 Objective To observe the pathological changes of immunological rejection after corneal transplantation and the effect of glycyrrhetinic acid on the immunosuppression after penetrating allograft transplantation in rat neovascularization cornea model. Methods Suture induced rat corneal neovascularization. One week after corneal neovascularization, 48 rats were divided into glycyrrhetinic acid plus dexamethasone group, dexamethasone group, glycyrrhetinic acid group and control group. All groups underwent allograft keratoplasty. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of CD4 + cells, CD8 + cells, macrophages, interleukin-α receptor, type II major histocompatibility antigen, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and lymphocyte function Expression of related antigen-1. As a result, the rejection of corneal tissue largely expressed the above immune cells and molecules, and glycyrrhetinic acid could significantly inhibit these cells and molecules. Conclusion Glycyrrhetinic acid inhibits the activation and proliferation of T lymphocytes and macrophages, prolongs the survival time of corneal graft and enhances the effect of dexamethasone