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为进一步解决我国丘陵山区马铃薯机械化收获问题,依据振动减阻收获机理,设计了一种与手扶拖拉机配套使用的振动挖掘式马铃薯收获机。对该收获机振动挖掘装置作业机理和振动铲运动学、动力学特性进行了研究分析,并确定了振动铲相关结构和工作参数。以机组前进速度、振动铲振频、振动铲振幅为试验因素,伤薯率和明薯率为试验指标进行了三元二次正交旋转组合试验。运用数据处理软件对回归方程进行了显著性分析,并建立了各试验因素与指标之间的数学模型。优化得出最佳因素组合为:机组前进速度0.85 m/s、振动铲振频12 Hz、振动铲振幅14.5 mm、伤薯率1.21%、明薯率98.51%。最佳参数组合下的验证试验结果表明:平均伤薯率1.28%、平均明薯率98.48%,作业性能符合马铃薯收获要求。
In order to solve the problem of mechanized harvesting of potatoes in hilly and mountainous areas in our country, a vibrating and digging potato harvester which is used with walking tractors is designed according to the mechanism of harvesting by vibration reduction. The operating mechanism of the vibrating excavator and the kinematics and dynamics characteristics of the vibrating shovel are studied and analyzed, and the related structures and operating parameters of the vibrating shovel are determined. The triple quadratic orthogonal rotation combination test was carried out with unit forward speed, vibrating shovel vibration frequency and vibrating shovel amplitude as the experimental factors, and the injury rate and the sweet potato rate as experimental indexes. The regression equation was analyzed by using data processing software, and the mathematical model between each experimental factor and index was established. The optimum combination of factors is as follows: the unit forward speed is 0.85 m / s, the vibration frequency of shovel is 12 Hz, the amplitude of vibration shovel is 14.5 mm, the rate of injury and potato is 1.21% and the rate of potato is 98.51%. The results of the validation test under the best combination of parameters showed that the average rate of wounded potato was 1.28% and the average rate of bright potato was 98.48%. The operation performance accords with the requirement of potato harvest.