1.前言提高模拟和数字系统,包括诸如数字式电压表测量系统的分辨率和性能势在必行。这种趋势要求不断地提高所有梭准实验室使用的标准的准确度和置信度。虽然约瑟夫森电压标准已明显超过了各国校准实验室的能力,但该标准所提供的高稳定性和高分辨率对商用和其它二级校准实验室却并不适用,因为约瑟夫森标准是不能搬运的。然而,传递标准也正在改进。 1. Introduction Increasing the resolution and performance of analog and digital systems, including systems such as digital voltmeters, is imperative. This trend calls for continuous improvement of the accuracy and confidence of standards used by all quasi-laboratory laboratories. Although the Josephson voltage standard has significantly exceeded the capabilities of calibration laboratories in various countries, the high stability and resolution provided by the standard do not apply to commercial and other secondary calibration laboratories because the Josephson standard is not portable of. However, delivery standards are also being improved.