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(一) 美国环境法中的公民诉讼(Citizen Suits),是指公民可以依法对违法排放污染者或未履行法定义务的联邦环保局提起诉讼。在这里,作为原告方的公民,包括公民个人或公民团体。一般来说,大多数诉讼都是由诸如协会、基金会等公民团体提起的。这些公民团体的职能与自然保护、环境保护有关。被诉方不但包括排污者,而且包括环保局,这使得公民诉讼兼备民事诉讼和行政诉讼的特点,成为颇具特色的诉讼制度。
(I) Citizen Suits in US Environmental Law means citizens can sue the Federal Environmental Protection Agency that illegally discharges polluters or fails to fulfill their statutory obligations according to law. Here, the plaintiffs as citizens, including individual citizens or civil society groups. In general, most litigation is brought by citizen groups such as associations and foundations. The functions of these civil organizations are related to nature protection and environmental protection. The respondent not only includes the polluters, but also includes the EPA, which makes the civil suit both civil litigation and administrative litigation features, become a distinctive litigation system.