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气候变化立法的实质是国家利用法律手段对温室气体排放活动的一种干预和控制。依据国家干预的手段不同,气候变化法律制度分为“命令——控制”型管制制度和基于市场的管制制度。两种制度各有特点。气候变化立法要综合运用“命令——控制”型管制制度和基于市场的管制制度,扬长避短、相互补充、交叉使用,从而发挥基本制度之间的协同效应。我国的气候变化立法应属于促进型立法,“命令——控制”型制度包括温室气体排放标准和能效标准,基于市场的制度宜采取基线和信用型交易与碳税相结合的方式。
The essence of climate change legislation is an interference and control over the greenhouse gas emission activities by the state through legal means. According to the different means of state intervention, the legal system of climate change is divided into “command-and-control” type control system and market-based control system. Both systems have their own characteristics. Climate change legislation should make full use of the “command-and-control” type of regulatory regime and the market-based regulatory regime to play its part in synergies between the basic rules and avoid weaknesses, complement each other and cross-use them. China’s climate change legislation should belong to the promotion of legislation, “command and control” type of system, including greenhouse gas emissions standards and energy efficiency standards, market-based system should take the baseline and credit-based trading and carbon tax combination.