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沙夫著作中的异化概念结构复杂且充斥着矛盾。从异化的主体方面来看,异化表征为两种相对立的态度:一方面漠不关心,另一方面又积极献身。从异化的客体方面来看,在何种意义上客观因素促成了异化的主体态度以及在何种意义上这种主体态度是社会结构异化的根源这一点并不明晰。本文试图阐释亚当·沙夫关于这些问题的观点并追问是否可能避免异化。
The concept of alienation in Schaff’s writings is complicated in structure and full of contradictions. From the perspective of the alienated subject, alienation is characterized by two opposing attitudes: on the one hand indifference and on the other hand active devotion. From the perspective of alienated objects, it is not clear in what sense objective factors contribute to the alienated subject attitude and in what sense this subjective attitude is the source of the alienation of social structure. This article attempts to explain Adam Schaff’s views on these issues and ask whether it is possible to avoid alienation.