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为了解营养健康教育对北京、烟台小学生和教师知识水平、饮食行为的影响,探讨基于学校的科学的营养教育模式,以北京市西城区、烟台市福山区2个城市地区8所学校(干预组5所、对照组3所)的小学生1 072名、教师374名作为研究对象,干预组开展营养干预,干预前后采用问卷调查了解小学生、教师营养知识、饮食行为的变化。干预组、对照组营养知识得分比较采用两样本均数的t检验,干预前后得分比较采用配对t检验;营养知识知晓率、饮食行为干预前后比较采用χ2检验。结果显示:干预组小学生、教师对营养知识有了更多的了解,营养知识得分均有提升(P<0.05)。干预组小学生、教师在干预后早餐营养状况有所改善(P<0.05)。小学生及教师西式快餐的消费比例在干预前后差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对小学生进行长期的营养知识教育很有必要,以学校为基础开展多种形式的营养宣教可以有效提高小学生营养健康知识,促进其培养健康生活方式。
In order to understand the impact of nutrition and health education on the knowledge level and dietary behaviors of pupils and teachers in Beijing and Yantai, and to explore the science-based nutrition education model in schools in Beijing, Yantai Fushan District, eight schools (intervention group 5, control group 3) 1 072 pupils, 374 teachers as the research object, the intervention group to carry out nutrition intervention before and after the intervention to understand the primary school students, teachers nutritional knowledge and diet changes in behavior. The scores of nutritional knowledge in intervention group and control group were compared by t-test of two sample mean and paired t-test before and after the intervention. Nutrition awareness and diet behavior were compared using χ 2 test before and after intervention. The results showed that pupils and teachers in the intervention group had a better understanding of nutritional knowledge and improved their nutritional knowledge scores (P <0.05). Pupils and teachers in the intervention group improved their breakfast nutrition after intervention (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the consumption proportion of Western fast food among pupils and teachers before and after the intervention (P> 0.05). It is necessary to carry out long-term nutrition knowledge education for primary school students. Carrying out various forms of nutrition education based on school can effectively improve nutrition and health knowledge of primary school students and promote their cultivation of healthy lifestyles.