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目的了解青岛市四方区围产儿出生缺陷的情况,动态观察缺陷发生状况、变化趋势及相关因素,为制定干预措施提供依据。方法按照中国出生缺陷检测中心制订的出生缺陷诊断及统计标准,利用本区妇幼三级网络对11年间四方区分娩的围产儿进行诊断检测。结果出生缺陷发生率8.073‰,其中婚检率的高低与缺陷率成反比;前4位出生缺陷为:指(趾)畸形、总唇裂、先心、神经系统畸形;男性围产儿出生缺陷发生率明显大于女性围产儿(χ2=8.378,P<0.01);<20岁的低龄孕产妇组出生缺陷发生率最高,为34.483‰;孕期主要异常情况为孕早期上感(并发热)、丈夫接触有害物质。结论把握不同的发生特征,分析研究出生缺陷产生的原因,有针对性地加强围产保健工作质量和三级预防保健队伍建设,提倡婚前医学检查,制定多方面的干预措施,降低出生缺陷率。
Objective To understand the situation of birth defects in perinatal children in Sifang District of Qingdao City, dynamically observe the occurrence of defects, changing trends and related factors, and provide the basis for the formulation of interventions. Methods According to the diagnosis and statistical standard of birth defects established by China Center for Birth Defects Test, the perinatal infants born in Sifang District during the 11 years were diagnosed by using the three levels of women and children in this area. Results The incidence of birth defects was 8.073 ‰, of which the rate of premarital examination was inversely proportional to the defect rate. The first four birth defects were finger deformity, total cleft lip, congenital heart disease and nervous system deformity. The incidence of birth defects was significantly higher in male perinatals (Χ2 = 8.378, P <0.01). The incidence of birth defects was the highest in low-age pregnant women <20 years old (34.483 ‰). The main abnormalities in pregnancy were early pregnancy sensation (fever), exposure of husband to harmful substances . Conclusions Grasp different occurrence characteristics, analyze and study the causes of birth defects, improve the quality of perinatal health care work and construction of tertiary prevention and health care team, advocate premarital medical examination, make various interventions and reduce the birth defect rate.