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目的:为临床诊断和治疗原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全和构建组织工程静脉瓣膜提供形态学基础。方法:将26例52侧成人腘静脉标本等分为远侧、中间、近侧1/3段,在手术显微镜下解剖和观察,用数控游标卡尺(精度0.01mm)测量瓣膜相关数据,并对瓣膜进行Masson三色改良染色和H-E染色,以观察腘静脉瓣的组织构造。结果:腘静脉瓣膜数为(2.04±1.31)个,瓣膜游离缘主要为半月形(97.2%)。瓣膜以双叶瓣为主(97.2%),其近侧1/3段和中1/3段以前后侧瓣为主(P<0.05)。瓣膜的腔面和窦面均覆着一层内皮细胞,其管腔面内皮细胞下存在数层弹力纤维,瓣膜主要由胶原纤维构成。结论:本文提供的腘静脉瓣的形态特征和数据将有助于临床腘静脉瓣膜相关疾病的诊治和构建组织工程静脉瓣。
Objective: To provide a morphological basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of primary deep venous valve insufficiency of lower extremities and construction of tissue-engineered venous valves. Methods: Twenty-six adult 52 cases of adult popliteal vein were equally divided into three groups: distal, middle and proximal 1/3, dissected and observed under a surgical microscope, and valvular data were measured by a vernier caliper (accuracy 0.01mm) Masson trichrome staining and HE staining were performed to observe the tissue structure of the popliteal vein. Results: The number of popliteal vein valves was (2.04 ± 1.31), and the valve free edge was mainly half moon (97.2%). The valve was dominated by bicuspid valves (97.2%). The proximal 1/3 and middle 1/3 valves were mainly anterior and posterior (P <0.05). The surface of the valve cavity and the sinus are covered with a layer of endothelial cells, there are several layers of elastic fibers under the luminal surface endothelial cells, the valve is mainly composed of collagen fibers. CONCLUSIONS: The morphological features and data provided in this paper will help diagnose and treat tissue-associated venous valves for clinical popliteal valve disease.