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目的探究早年留守经历对流动青少年依恋关系的影响,为青春期流动儿童心理健康教育提供参考。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,选取珠海、中山、东莞、深圳和广州各1所农民工子弟学校六~八年级全部学生1 544名(留守组763名,未留守组781名)作为研究对象,采用自编问卷、父母同伴依恋问卷(IPPA)进行测评。结果留守组儿童母亲信任、母亲沟通、父亲信任、父亲沟通维度及母亲依恋、父亲依恋得分较非留守组儿童低(t值分别为-5.63,-6.04,-5.53,-4.06,-6.97,-5.71,P值均<0.01);母亲疏远、父亲疏远、同伴疏远维度得分较非留守组儿童高(t值分别为5.62,3.31,2.59,P值均<0.01);留守组与非留守组儿童同伴信任、同伴沟通维度及同伴依恋得分差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。多重线性回归分析显示,年龄是母亲信任、母亲沟通、母亲依恋、父亲信任、父亲依恋、同伴依恋的消极影响因素(B值分别为-1.30,-0.95,-2.88,-0.87,-1.34,-1.24),是母亲疏远、父亲疏远、同伴疏远的积极影响因素(B值分别为0.63,0.46,0.62,P值均<0.05);分离期间见面频率为每月都见是留守组儿童母亲依恋、父亲依恋的积极影响因素(B值分别为9.67,10.52,P值均<0.01);与父母均分离是留守组儿童同伴信任、同伴沟通、同伴依恋的消极影响因素(B值分别为-2.66,-1.78,-4.36,P值均<0.05);留守期间隔代监护是留守组儿童父亲疏远及同伴疏远的消极影响因素(t值分别为-0.40,-0.68,P值均<0.05);分离年龄在4~5岁是留守组流动儿童同伴依恋的积极影响因素(B=5.79,P<0.01)。结论早年留守经历对青春期流动儿童依恋关系造成影响。改善养育环境,制定增进父母与流动儿童共同生活等政策,将有助于降低儿童不良心理的发生风险。
Objective To explore the impact of early-leaving experience on the attachment of migrant children and to provide reference for mental health education of adolescent migrant children. Methods Using random cluster sampling method, 1 544 students (763 left-behind group and 781 left-behind group) were enrolled in this study. All the students from 6th to 8th grade in Zhuhai, Zhongshan, Dongguan, Shenzhen and Guangzhou, Using self-compiled questionnaire, parental attachment questionnaire (IPPA) for evaluation. Results Left-behind children’s mothers’ trust, mother’s communication, father’s trust, father’s communication dimension and mother’s attachment, father’s attachment score were lower than children who did not stay (t = -5.63, -6.04, -5.53, -4.06, -6.97, 5.71, P <0.01). The scores of estranged alienation, father alienated and peer distant dimension were higher than those of non-left-behind children (t = 5.62,3.31,2.59, P <0.01) There was no significant difference in peer trust, peer communication dimension and peer attachment scores (P> 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age was a negative influence factor of mother’s trust, mother’s communication, mother’s attachment, father’s trust, father’s attachment and peer’s attachment (B values were -1.30, -0.95, -2.88, -0.87, -1.34, 1.24). It was the positive influence factor of alienation of the mother, alienation of father and alienation of companion (B values were 0.63,0.46,0.62, P <0.05 respectively) The positive influence factors of father attachment (B values were 9.67,10.52, P <0.01 respectively); separation from both parents was a negative influence factor of companion trust, peer communication and peer attachment in left-behind children (B values were -2.66, -1.78, -4.36 respectively, all P <0.05). The guardianship during the post-pendency period was the negative influence factor of the father’s alienation and peer alienation in left-behind children (t = -0.40, -0.68, P < The age of 4 to 5 years was a positive factor for the attachment of migrant children in left-behind group (B = 5.79, P <0.01). Conclusion The early stay experience affects the attachment of adolescent migrant children. Improving the nourishment environment and formulating policies to promote the common life of parents and migrant children will help to reduce the risk of adverse psychological state of children.