对意外意义的研究已有较长的学术讨论史,它包括全新的信息,以及对这一状态的惊讶。意外与语法系统的相关范畴有区别,但并非自立于它们之外。在“意外三角”中,疑问、感叹分别借助“意外”这一桥梁彼此向对方转化,同时产生或强或弱的语用否定功能。我们集中讨论了“意外”范畴在整个汉语语法系统中的地位、功能与运行条件,运用了来自不同语言的大量语例来展示人类语言的修辞语用共性,以此来解释汉语与其他语言中的各种语法现象。 The study of accidental significance has a long history of academic discussion and includes entirely new information and astonishment of this state. There are differences between the categories of accidents and grammatical systems, but they are not independent of them. In the “Triangle of Accidents”, doubts and exclamations respectively transform each other to each other through the bridge of “Accident ”, and at the same time produce a pragmatic negation function that is either strong or weak. We focus on the “accident ” category in the Chinese grammatical system of the status, function and operating conditions, the use of a large number of examples from different languages ​​to demonstrate the rhetoric of human language pragmatic common language, in order to explain the Chinese and other Various grammatical phenomena in the language.