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选择11例日龄7天以上新生儿肺炎住院病儿分别于没用头饱呋肟治疗前、治疗后1天、4天、7天做肠道菌群分析，同时检测10例持续应用抗生素3－8周病儿的肠道菌群。结果显示抗生素对肠道厌氧菌群的影响以治疗后1天最明显，对需氧菌的影响在第7天最明显，而对长期使用抗生素者表现在肠道菌群比例的严重失调及敏感菌量的再次增多，提示长期应用抗生素可能造成微生态平衡紊乱及耐药性的产生，为继发感染提供了条件。
11 cases of neonatal pneumonia inpatients aged more than 7 days were enrolled in this study. The intestinal flora was analyzed on the 1st day, the 4th day and the 7th day after treatment. -8 weeks sick children intestinal flora. The results showed that the effect of antibiotics on intestinal anaerobic flora was the most obvious one day after treatment, the effect on aerobic bacteria was the most obvious on the 7th day, while the long-term use of antibiotics was manifested in the serious imbalance of intestinal microflora and The number of sensitive bacteria increased again, suggesting that long-term use of antibiotics may cause microecological imbalance and drug resistance, providing the conditions for secondary infection.