“整体论”是一个20世纪后半叶开始在哲学和科学中广为流行的概念。它根本上对立于还原主义或原子论的世界解释模式。尽管与系统论和格式塔心理学有部分一致性,但仍有独特的原则和方法。现当代整体论呈多元化发展格局,表现出学科多态性特点,它既是世界观、形而上学理论,又是方法论、属性理论等;既是哲学理论和具体的科学理论,也有应用价值。现当代西方哲学不仅从形而上学角度对一般整体论进行了全面深入的研究,而且在将其应用于具体哲学问题时创立了多种局域性整体论,如确证整体论、认知整体论等。 “Holism” is a notion that became popular in philosophy and science in the second half of the 20th century. It fundamentally contradicts the mode of world explanation of reductionism or atomic theory. Despite some agreement with systems theory and Gestalt psychology, there are unique principles and methods. Modern and contemporary holism presented a diversified development pattern and showed the characteristics of discipline polymorphism. It is not only a world outlook and metaphysics theory, but also a methodology and attribute theory. It is both a philosophical theory and a specific scientific theory and has application value. Contemporary Western philosophy not only conducts a comprehensive and in-depth study of general holism from the perspective of metaphysics, but also creates a variety of local holism in applying it to specific philosophical problems, such as confirming holism and cognition holism.