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牙菌斑是口腔常见感染性疾病——龋病和牙周病的始动因子,主要由微生物构成。在口腔中发现的700余个种属或种系型的细菌中,有50%左右未获得培养。基于分子生物学的方法在口腔微生态和感染性疾病的病因研究中已经成为不可或缺的技术。近年来,以16S rRNA基因为基础建立的分子生物学技术正逐步广泛用于微生物群落的分析,跨越了传统的微生物培养,直接对不同生态系,包括人类口腔的微生物组成进行了研究。本文主要介绍16s rRNA基因的分子分析技术,以及它们在口腔微生物群落结构分析研究中的应用,另外还简要介绍了一些尚未应用于口腔的新技术。
Dental plaque is a common infectious disease in oral cavity - the initiating factor of dental caries and periodontal disease, mainly composed of microorganisms. About 700% of the more than 700 species or germ-line bacteria found in the mouth have not been cultured. Molecular-based approaches have become an indispensable technology in the etiology of oral microecology and infectious diseases. In recent years, molecular biology techniques based on the 16S rRNA gene are gradually being widely used in the analysis of microbial communities, and the microbial composition of microorganisms in different ecosystems, including human beings, has been studied directly across traditional microbial cultures. This article mainly introduces the molecular analysis techniques of 16s rRNA gene and their application in the analysis of oral microbial community structure. In addition, some new techniques that have not been applied to the oral cavity are briefly introduced.