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本文使用年龄在70岁以上的农村老年人的口述史资料,分析他们在20世纪50年代中期土地集体化之前、50-70年代的土地集体化时期与70年代末期后家庭联产承包责任制时期的农村家庭生产与生活情况,以及这三个时期农村家庭结构的变化。研究发现,中国传统大家庭向小家庭的转型并不是由西方传统意义的工业化促成的。作为1949年后国家早期工业化策略的农村土地集体化,彻底改变了传统家庭生产与生活的组织方式,改变了父权制度下的代际关系与结构,进而启动了家庭结构转型的历史进程。这一解释有别于经典的家庭变迁的“现代化理论”。
This paper uses the oral history data of the elderly in rural areas over the age of 70 to analyze their land collectivization before the collectivization of the land in the mid 50s of the 20th century and the collectivization of land in the 1950s and 1970s and the period of household contract responsibility system after the late 1970s Rural family production and living conditions, as well as the changes of rural family structure in these three periods. The study found that the transformation of the traditional Chinese family to small families was not driven by the industrialization of Western traditions. The collectivization of rural land as the strategy of early industrialization after 1949 has completely changed the organization of traditional family production and life, changed the intergenerational relations and structure under the patriarchal system, and started the historical process of family structure transformation. This explanation is different from the “modernization theory” of classical family changes.