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目的了解我国部分地区2010年产谷物及其制品中多组分真菌毒素污染状况。方法 2010年在安徽、云南、福建、甘肃、广西、海南、黑龙江、湖北、湖南、江西、山西和上海12个省(市/自治区)采集玉米及其制品、小麦粉、大米和花生共计650份样品,用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)方法检测14种真菌毒素。结果玉米制品和小麦粉样品中污染的真菌毒素主要是B类单端孢霉烯族化合物和玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)。215份玉米样品中有84.65%检出脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON),其中7份样品中的DON污染水平超过我国规定的1 000μg/kg限量标准,超标1.08～2.51倍(平均1.77倍);69.30%(149/215)的玉米样品ZEN阳性,其中23份样品中的ZEN水平超过我国规定的60μg/kg限量标准,超标1.06～19.19倍,平均4.32倍。53.02%的玉米样品还受到黄曲霉毒素的污染,其中有12份样品中AFB1含量超过了我国规定的20μg/kg限量标准,尤以云南、广西样品受污染较重。125份小麦粉样品中,仅有1份来自湖北的样品其DON污染水平(1 016.80μg/kg)超过我国规定的1 000μg/kg限量标准。40.41%的花生样品不同程度地受到黄曲霉毒素的污染,其中有5份样品中的AFB1水平超过20μg/kg的国家限量标准;大米受真菌毒素的污染较轻。结论我国玉米制品和小麦粉受多种真菌毒素污染,且以B类单端孢霉烯族化合物和ZEN为主;玉米和花生不同程度地受到黄曲霉毒素的污染。
Objective To understand the status of multicomponent mycotoxins in cereals and their products produced in some areas of China in 2010. Methods A total of 650 samples of corn and its products, wheat flour, rice and peanut were collected in 12 provinces (autonomous regions) in Anhui, Yunnan, Fujian, Gansu, Guangxi, Hainan, Heilongjiang, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shanxi and Shanghai in 2010 Fourteen mycotoxins were detected by UPLC-MS / MS. Results Mycotoxins contaminated in corn and wheat flour samples were mainly B-type trichothecenes and zearalenone (ZEN). Among 215 maize samples, 84.65% of them were detected DON, of which 7 were DON contamination levels exceeding the limit of 1 000 μg / kg in our country, exceeding the standard of 1.08-2.51 (average 1.77 times ); 69.30% (149/215) of ZEN samples were positive for ZEN. The ZEN level in 23 samples exceeded the limit of 60μg / kg prescribed by our country, exceeding the standard of 1.06-19.19 times with an average of 4.32 times. 53.02% of corn samples were also contaminated with aflatoxins. AFB1 content in 12 samples exceeded the limit of 20μg / kg prescribed by our country, especially in Yunnan and Guangxi. Of the 125 samples of wheat flour, only 1 sample from Hubei Province had a level of DON contamination (1 016.80 μg / kg) that exceeded China’s 1 000 μg / kg limit. 40.41% of peanut samples were contaminated to varying degrees by aflatoxins, of which 5 were AFB1 levels above the national limit of 20 μg / kg; rice was less contaminated with mycotoxins. Conclusion The corn products and wheat flour in our country are contaminated by many mycotoxins, and mainly belong to the class B single-trichothecenes and ZEN. The corn and peanut are contaminated by aflatoxins to varying degrees.