一、发展背景韩国地处半岛,三面环海,有着悠久的航运史和造船史。60年代前,韩国只能建造渔船和小型沿海货船。当时,韩国共有100多家中小型船厂,年造船能力不到4万总吨。在第三个和第四个五年计划期间(1972～1976年,1977～1981年),韩国将造船工业列为重点发展行业、战略出口行业之一后,造船工业才有了突飞猛进的发展。为了迅速发展造船业、出口船舶,韩国采取在技术方面全面引进、政策方面大力扶植的措施,依靠低廉的劳动力和引进的 First, the development background Korea is located on the peninsula, surrounded by the sea on three sides, has a long history of shipping and shipbuilding history. Before the 1960s, South Korea could only build fishing boats and small coastal cargo ships. At that time, South Korea had more than 100 small and medium-sized shipyards, and its annual shipbuilding capacity was less than 40,000 GT. During the third and fourth five-year plans period (1972-1976, 1977-1981), South Korea listed the shipbuilding industry as one of the key development industries and strategic export industries, and the shipbuilding industry has developed by leaps and bounds. In order to rapidly develop the shipbuilding industry and export ships, South Korea adopted measures that were fully introduced in the aspect of technology and strongly supported by policies, relying on a low labor force and the introduction of