卡夫卡的这部未完成的小说是经朋友马克斯·勃尔德整理,于1927年以《美国》为名出版。但在致菲丽丝的信中,卡夫卡明确称小说为《失踪者》。不同的标题反映了不同的创作旨意:前者透过故事的发生地,在当时加利福尼亚淘金热的背景下,预示了人的个性自由发展,为作品点缀了乐观的情绪;后者暗示了主人公流亡状态、生存地的丧失、自我 This unfinished novel by Kafka was compiled by friend Max Bourd and published in 1927 under the name “America.” However, in his letter to Phyllis, Kafka made it clear that the novel is a “missing person.” Different titles reflect different creative purposes: the former predicts the free development of human personality and embodies optimism in the context of the Gold Rush in California at the time of the story. The latter implies the exile of the protagonist , The loss of existence, self