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白内障术后眼内炎是手术的严重并发症，轻者视力下降，重者丧失眼球。尽管临床常有零星甚至群发的病例报道，但这些报道在眼内炎的诊断、预防及治疗等方面却不一致。术后眼内炎预防包括正确评估各类危险因素、完善的手术步骤以及围术期抗生素的使用；而一旦发生眼内炎，需要及时有效地治疗。为使眼科临床医师对该病有较全面的认识，该文就白内障术后眼内炎的发病率、致病菌、危险因素、预防、治疗及预后等予以综述。“,”Endophthalmitis following routine cataract surgery is an uncommon but devastating complica-tion,which results in severe vision loss and sometimes loss of the eye.Although there are many published case reports,each report is inconsistent in the diagnosis,prevention and treatment of this disease.Prevention of endophthalmitis following cataract surgery includes proper assessment of risk factors,perfect surgery proce-dures and using antibiotics perioperatively.Good visual outcome of endophthalmitis is correlated with active and correct treatment.To help ophthalmologists to have a comprehensive understanding of this disease,here is to make a review of the background material on incidence,etiology,risk factors,prophylaxis,and therapeutic options in cases of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery .