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一、过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语时，其语法功能相当于一个定语从句。被修饰的词是分词所表示的行为的承受者；在逻辑上，它们是动宾关系。
1. 单个过去分词作定语时，通常置于被修饰的名词前。例如：
The excited people rushed into the building.
激动的人们奔进了大楼。
We need more qualified teachers. 我们需要更多合格的教师。
2. 过去分词短语作定语时，通常置于被修饰的名词之后。例如：
The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。
Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa．
大多数被邀请到宴会的艺术家来自于南非。
3. 单个过去分词作定语有时也可以放在名词后面。例如：
The work done is the product of the force and the distance.
所做的功等于力和距离的乘积。
Do you know the number of the books ordered?
订了多少书，你知道吗？
4. 过去分词短语还可以作插入语，作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。例如：
The book, written in 1957, tells the struggle of the miners.
这本书是1957年写的，讲的是关于矿工斗争的故事。
二、过去分词作表语
1. 过去分词放在系动词的后面作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。常用的系动词有be, get, become, grow, seem, turn, remain, appear, feel, look, sound等。例如：
Don’t touch the glass because it is broken.
不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的。
She is quite pleased with the design of the dress.
她很喜欢那礼服的式样。
2. “系表”结构与被动语态的区别。“be+过去分词”表状态时，是“系表”结构，此时后面多跟at, with, in等介词短语；表行为时，是被动语态，有时后面有by短语表动作执行者。除be动词外的“系动词+过去分词”都是“系表”结构。试比较：
Because of the continuous heavy rain, the road became difficult to travel on, and our car got trapped in the mud. (系表结构)
由于连续的大雨，道路变得很难行走，我们的车陷在了稀泥里。
More than 200 people were trapped in the building by the big fire.
两百多人被大火困在了大楼里。(被动语态)
The window is broken. 这个窗户破了。(系表结构)
This window was broken by the naughty boy there. (被动语态)
这个窗户是被那边那个顽皮的男孩打破的。
跟踪练习
1. With ____ leaves ____ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer.
A. falling; buryingB. fallen; buried
C. fallen; buryingD. falling; buried
2. I have read plenty of books ____ by Lu Xun.
A. writtenB. wroteC. writeD. writing
3. They had beef and ____ for supper.
A. smoking fishB. fish smoking
C. fish to smoke D. smoked fish
4. She asked if there is anything ____ for tonight.
A. to planB. plannedC. that plansD. planning
5. The Emperor’s New Clothes is an ____ text. All of us are ____ at it.
A. exciting; excitingB. excited; excited
C. excited; excitingD. exciting; excited
6. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ____ as the plane was making a landing.
A. seatB. landingC. seatedD. to be seating
7. ——I’m very ____ with my own cooking.
——Mm, it does have ____ smell.
A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased
C. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant
8. He was ____ at the news.
A. disappointing B. disappointed
C. disappoint D. disappoints
9. His words were very ____. Everyone was ____ by what he had said.
A. frightened; frightening B. frightening; frightening
C. frightened; frightened D. frightening; frightened
10. The company is ____ in the centre of the city.
A. locate B. located C. locating D. locates
Key:1.B 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.D 6.C 7.D 8.B 9.D 10.B
过去分词作定语时，其语法功能相当于一个定语从句。被修饰的词是分词所表示的行为的承受者；在逻辑上，它们是动宾关系。
1. 单个过去分词作定语时，通常置于被修饰的名词前。例如：
The excited people rushed into the building.
激动的人们奔进了大楼。
We need more qualified teachers. 我们需要更多合格的教师。
2. 过去分词短语作定语时，通常置于被修饰的名词之后。例如：
The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。
Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa．
大多数被邀请到宴会的艺术家来自于南非。
3. 单个过去分词作定语有时也可以放在名词后面。例如：
The work done is the product of the force and the distance.
所做的功等于力和距离的乘积。
Do you know the number of the books ordered?
订了多少书，你知道吗？
4. 过去分词短语还可以作插入语，作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。例如：
The book, written in 1957, tells the struggle of the miners.
这本书是1957年写的，讲的是关于矿工斗争的故事。
二、过去分词作表语
1. 过去分词放在系动词的后面作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。常用的系动词有be, get, become, grow, seem, turn, remain, appear, feel, look, sound等。例如：
Don’t touch the glass because it is broken.
不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的。
She is quite pleased with the design of the dress.
她很喜欢那礼服的式样。
2. “系表”结构与被动语态的区别。“be+过去分词”表状态时，是“系表”结构，此时后面多跟at, with, in等介词短语；表行为时，是被动语态，有时后面有by短语表动作执行者。除be动词外的“系动词+过去分词”都是“系表”结构。试比较：
Because of the continuous heavy rain, the road became difficult to travel on, and our car got trapped in the mud. (系表结构)
由于连续的大雨，道路变得很难行走，我们的车陷在了稀泥里。
More than 200 people were trapped in the building by the big fire.
两百多人被大火困在了大楼里。(被动语态)
The window is broken. 这个窗户破了。(系表结构)
This window was broken by the naughty boy there. (被动语态)
这个窗户是被那边那个顽皮的男孩打破的。
跟踪练习
1. With ____ leaves ____ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer.
A. falling; buryingB. fallen; buried
C. fallen; buryingD. falling; buried
2. I have read plenty of books ____ by Lu Xun.
A. writtenB. wroteC. writeD. writing
3. They had beef and ____ for supper.
A. smoking fishB. fish smoking
C. fish to smoke D. smoked fish
4. She asked if there is anything ____ for tonight.
A. to planB. plannedC. that plansD. planning
5. The Emperor’s New Clothes is an ____ text. All of us are ____ at it.
A. exciting; excitingB. excited; excited
C. excited; excitingD. exciting; excited
6. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ____ as the plane was making a landing.
A. seatB. landingC. seatedD. to be seating
7. ——I’m very ____ with my own cooking.
——Mm, it does have ____ smell.
A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased
C. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant
8. He was ____ at the news.
A. disappointing B. disappointed
C. disappoint D. disappoints
9. His words were very ____. Everyone was ____ by what he had said.
A. frightened; frightening B. frightening; frightening
C. frightened; frightened D. frightening; frightened
10. The company is ____ in the centre of the city.
A. locate B. located C. locating D. locates
Key:1.B 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.D 6.C 7.D 8.B 9.D 10.B