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《狂人日记》是“五四”文学革命的第一声响亮春雷,也是鲁迅投向旧社会的一颗重型精神炸弹。长期以来,它不仅为我国广大读者所传诵,而且还先后被译成多种外文,在世界各国广为流传。当人们陶醉于作品的艺术境界,惊叹于它精心的艺术构思和深邃的思想容量时,人们一定会问:在当时的现实生活中究竟有没有“狂人”的原型呢?我们认为是有的。那么,“狂人”的原型是谁呢?鲁迅先生运用了“杂取种种人,合成一个”的典型化的创作方法,塑造了“狂人”的艺术形象;其主要原型就是他自己的姨表兄弟——阮文恒先生。周遐寿在《鲁迅小说里的人物·狂人是谁》一文中也已约略谈及,但既未指明姓氏,也无详明介绍,今谨根据我所得材料,记述如下。
Madman’s Diary is the first loud spring thunder of the May 4th literary revolution and a heavy mental bomb committed by Lu Xun toward the old society. For a long time, it has not only been widely read by our readers, but has also been translated into many foreign languages and widely circulated around the world. When people are intoxicated with the artistic realm of the work and marvel at its meticulous artistic conception and deep thought capacity, people will surely ask: Is there any “madman” prototype in the real life at that time? We think there is a of. So who is the protagonist of “Madman”? Mr. Lu Xun used the typical “creative method” of “taking all kinds of people and synthesizing one” to create the artistic image of “Madman”; the main prototype is His own aunt cousin, Mr. Nguyen Van-Heng. Zhou Youshou in “Lu Xun’s novel who the madman is” article has also been about, but did not specify the surname, there is no detailed description, I hereby just based on the materials I have described below.