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一、发达国家外贸融资的构成和规模 发达国家的外贸融资由信贷和担保两部分构成。信贷和担保是紧密联系的,有了国家机构的担保,出口商就很容易得到金融机构的信贷,并且由于国家担保,也可以使出口商对进口商的贷款期限延长。因此,信贷额和担保额基本上是一致的。例如,意大利对公司信贷的担保额约为所提供的信贷额的75—80％,个别情况达到85％。信贷和担保的目的都是为了保证融资的优惠性。虽然如此,它们在不同的阶段,在国际竞争不同影响因素作用和国际竞争的调节下,也有不同的意义。
I. Composition and Scale of Foreign Trade Financing in Developed Countries Foreign trade financing in developed countries consists of credit and guarantee. Credit and guarantees are closely linked. With the guarantee of state agencies, exporters can easily obtain credit from financial institutions, and due to state guarantees, they can also allow exporters to extend their loan terms for importers. Therefore, the amount of credit and the amount of guarantee are basically the same. For example, Italy’s guarantee for corporate credit is about 75-80% of the amount of credit provided, and 85% in individual cases. The purpose of credit and guarantees is to guarantee the preferential financing. In spite of this, they also have different meanings at different stages, under the influence of different factors of international competition and the regulation of international competition.