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目的研究不同食管病变人群头发中部分微量元素的变化，探索微量元素在食管癌发病过程中的作用以及它们间的关系。方法食管癌高发区正常人６０名，食管不同病变患者１２６人，按病变程度分组，用原子吸收分光光度法和荧光法测定头发中铜、锌、铁、钙、硒等微量元素。结果头发锌测定结果：正常人与有食管不同病变者相比，均有显著差异，（Ｐ＜０．０１），单纯性增生与早期癌（原位癌、早期浸润癌）、晚期浸润癌之间有差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）；铜：正常人与非典型增生、早期癌（原位癌、早期浸润癌）晚期浸润癌之间均有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。而锌、铜在早期癌与晚期浸润癌患者之间均无差异；铜锌比值随病变进展逐渐增大；硒：各类食管病变患者均低于正常人，铁与钙则随病程进展，含量呈下降趋势。结论食管癌患者发锌与发铜均伴随病情进展而变化，锌呈负相关，铜呈正相关，发中铜锌比值具有重要诊断价值。
Objective To study the changes of some trace elements in the hair of different esophageal lesions and explore the role of trace elements in the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer and the relationship between them. Methods A total of 60 normal people with high incidence of esophageal cancer and 126 patients with different esophageal lesions were grouped according to the degree of lesions. Trace elements such as copper, zinc, iron, calcium, selenium and other trace elements in hair were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and fluorescence spectrometry. Results Hair zinc determination results: There were significant differences between normal subjects and those with different esophageal lesions (P < 0.01), simple hyperplasia and early cancer (in situ carcinoma, early invasive carcinoma), advanced invasive carcinoma. There was a difference between the two groups (P<0.01); Copper: There was a significant difference between normal and advanced atypical hyperplasia, early cancer (in situ carcinoma, early invasive carcinoma) and late invasive carcinoma (P<0.05). However, there was no difference between zinc and copper in patients with early cancer and advanced invasive cancer; the ratio of copper to zinc gradually increased with the progression of the disease; Selenium: all kinds of patients with esophageal disease were lower than normal, iron and calcium with the course of progress, content A downward trend. Conclusion Both zinc and copper in patients with esophageal cancer are associated with the progression of the disease, zinc is negatively correlated, copper is positively correlated, and the ratio of copper to zinc in hair is of important diagnostic value.