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本文是在实际阅览安徽省博物馆馆藏《万历27都5图黄册底籍》的基础上,从对农民可以维持再生产的规模进行模拟计算入手,探讨了万历三十、四十年休宁县27都5图阶层构造的特质。结果发现,依靠自家产业就能维持再生产的人户超过了50%,这一数字大于同时期日本的先进地区,阶层结构已经达到了“小农自立”的阶段。同时,27都5图还是孕育在野读书人以及为官者的母体。明朝末年这里的里甲制仍能发挥作用的原因正是由于这种阶层构造的存在,而这种阶层构造可以说是南宋时期确立起来的集约式水稻种植技术的普及、确立和成熟的产物。
This article is based on the actual reading of Anhui Provincial Museum collection “Wanli 27 are 5 books yellow book base”, from the peasants can maintain the reproduction of the scale of the simulation to start with, discusses Wanli thirty, forty years Xiuning County are 27 Figure 5 characteristics of the hierarchical structure. As a result, it was found that more than 50% of households depend on their own industries to sustain reproduction. This figure is larger than the advanced areas in Japan during the same period and the stratum structure has reached the stage of “small-scale self-reliance.” At the same time, 27 are 5 map or conceived in the wild scholar and official for the mother. The reason why the Lijia system here still can play its role at the end of the Ming Dynasty is precisely because of the existence of this stratum structure that can be said to be the product of the popularization, establishment and maturation of intensive rice cultivation techniques established during the Southern Song Dynasty .