目的　探讨围产期窒息新生儿一氧化碳 (CO)水平的变化。方法　对 33例围产期窒息新生儿以及 30例健康新生儿血浆CO和一氧化氮 (NO)水平进行测定。结果　围产期窒息组的CO和NO水平均显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5) ;CO和NO水平与围产期窒息后缺氧缺血性脑病 (HIE)的发生密切相关 ,围产期窒息后HIE组的CO和NO水平均显著高于围产期窒息后无HIE组和对照组 (P <0 .0 5)。而围产期窒息后无HIE组和对照组之间的CO和NO水平差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5)。结论　CO作为NO之外的又一个新的内源性介质在围产期窒息中的作用及其临床意义值得深入研究。 Objective To investigate the changes of carbon monoxide (CO) in neonates with perinatal asphyxia. Methods The levels of plasma CO and nitric oxide (NO) in 33 neonates with perinatal asphyxia and 30 healthy newborns were determined. Results The levels of CO and NO in perinatal asphyxia group were significantly higher than those in control group (P <0.05). The levels of CO and NO were closely related to the occurrence of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) after perinatal asphyxia, The levels of CO and NO in HIE group after perinatal asphyxia were significantly higher than those in HIE group and control group after perinatal asphyxia (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in CO and NO between HIE group and control group after perinatal asphyxia (P> 0.05). Conclusion The role of CO as a new endogenous mediator other than NO in perinatal asphyxia and its clinical significance deserves further study.