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目的 探讨普陀区儿童1剂次水痘疫苗(Varicella vaccine,VarY)接种后的保护效果(Vaccine efficacy,VE).方法 采用1∶1配对的病例对照研究,病例来源于中国疾病预防控制信息系统传染病报告系统且居住于普陀区的1-7岁水痘病例,并根据性别、年龄、居住小区作为配比条件,在上海市免疫规划信息系统内随机选择对照,与病例形成配对.结果 100对病例对照纳入分析.病例组、对照组的VarV接种率分别为77％、89％(x2=17.26,P＜0.01).1剂次VarV对水痘的VE为80％(95％ CI:32.37％-94.09％).VarV对≥50个和＜50个皮损的水痘的VE分别为92.28％(95％ CI:76.42％-98.28％)、40.67％(95％ CI:0.00％-74.55％).结论 1剂次VarV对水痘和重症水痘具有良好的VE.建议开展2剂VarV接种,以更好地控制水痘暴发和突破病例.“,”Objective To determine the efficacy of 1-dose of varicella vaccine (VarV) among children in Putuo district.Methods A 1:1 case-control study was used in this survey.Varicella cases,aged 1-7 years,in Putuo district were selected through the Infectious Diseases Reporting System of China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention.Controls were randomly selected through the Shanghai hnmunization Program Information System and were matched with cases on gender,age,and living community.Results 100 case and control pairs were enrolled.Vaccination coverage rates of VarV among cases and controls were 77％ and 89％,respectively (x2 =17.26,P ＜ 0.01).The VE of 1-dose of VarV against varicella was 80％ (95％ CI:32.37％-94.09％).The VEs of 1-dose of VarV against varicella with ≥ 50 lesions and ＜ 50 lesions were 92.28％ (95％ CI:76.42％-98.28％) and 40.67％ (95％ CI:0.00％-74.55 ％),respectively.Conclusions The VE of 1-dose VarV is adequate to protect against varicella and severe varicella.We recommend a 2-dose VarV immunization schedule for preventing varicella outbreaks and breakthrough cases more effectively.