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日本江户幕府末期“锁国体制”被打破后，即十分关注当时中国的状况。１８６２年幕府第一次派遣使团乘“千岁丸”访问上海，对第二次鸦片战争后上海的社情、风俗、典章制度、市场商情及日中贸易、清军与太平军作战形势、西方列强入侵状况及中国政府与民间的反应作了具体考察，从外国观察者角度，提供了关于１９世纪６０年代中国的经济、政治、军事、文化、社会诸侧面的生动画卷。本文对此予以介绍、评析，并概述幕末日本人中国观的演化。
After the “lock-in” system at the end of Japan’s Edo-shogunate was broken, it was very concerned about the situation in China at that time. In 1862, for the first time, the shogunate dispatched its mission to visit Shanghai with the help of “Chitose Pill.” After the Second Opium War, the social conditions, customs, official rules, market conditions and the trade between Japan and China after the Opium War, the battle situation between the Qing army and the Taipings, The invasion situation and the reaction of the Chinese government and the private sector. From a foreign observer’s point of view, it provides a vivid picture of the economic, political, military, cultural and social aspects of China in the 1860s. This article will introduce, comment on, and summarize the evolution of the concept of Chinese at the end of the Bakumatsu.