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目的：从形态学角度研究足月妊娠后出现胎儿过熟综合征的病因，为提高对过期妊娠临床管理质量提供依据。方法：应用透射电镜对１２例足月妊娠后伴胎儿过熟综合征胎盘进行观察。结果：过熟综合征胎盘线粒体等细胞器出现缺氧、老化等形态学改变，观察到细胞基底部细胞突起的形态退变过程及合胞体细胞微绒毛形成的特殊结构。结论：胎儿过熟综合征的直接病因是由于胎盘老化、缺氧，使细胞失去正常形态结构和功能，甚至胎盘功能失代偿。提示临床应在妊娠足月后严密监测胎盘功能并及时发现，及时终止妊娠以预防胎儿过熟综合征的发生。
OBJECTIVE: To study the etiology of fetal over-mature syndrome after full-term pregnancy from the morphological point of view to provide basis for improving clinical management quality of overdue pregnancy. Methods: Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe 12 cases of full-term pregnancy with fetal over-mature placenta. RESULTS: Hypoxia and aging morphological changes of organelles such as mitochondria and mitochondria of over-mature syndrome were observed. Morphological degeneration of promyelocytes and special structures of syncytium microvilli were observed. Conclusion: The direct cause of fetal overmature syndrome is due to aging of the placenta, hypoxia, the cells lose their normal morphological structure and function, and even placental function decompensation. Prompt clinical should be closely monitored after full-term pregnancy placental function and timely detection, timely termination of pregnancy to prevent fetal over-mature syndrome.