历史学家总是从事实出发的,当然,这是一种旧式的观点。历史学家可以记录客观存在的事实:例如,记录历史事件的日期。或者,他可以对事实提出疑问:这些随之而来的疑问,也许随即会促使他去区分事实与史料之间的区别。但是哪些事实为历史学家所特别关注,是很难阐明的。然而通过考察希罗多德、修昔底德、迈尔(E.Meyer)和布洛赫(M.Blcoh)这些历史学家的研究工作,可看出他们的四种不同的治 Historians always start from the facts, of course, this is an old-fashioned view. Historians can record objective facts: for example, the date of a historical event. Or he may question the facts: the ensuing questions may prompt him to distinguish between the facts and the historical data. However, what facts are of special concern to historians is hard to elucidate. However, by examining the work of the historians Herodotus, Thucydides, M. Meyer, and M. Bloch, one can see that their four different forms of governance