清末,新式学堂虽然有了较快的发展,但仍难以承担起初等教育的重任,由此教育领域里出现了先由民间倡导后由官方推行的一场私塾改良运动。这场运动大致分为调查劝导、召开观摩会设立研究所、甄别改造塾师、认定四个步骤。由于缺乏强有力的中央政府的领导,来自塾师的抵抗以及私塾根深蒂固的社会地位等因素的制约,这场改良运动显得雷声大、雨点小而收效甚微。这表明,传统教育向现代教育的转型必然要经历一个艰难曲折的过程。 Although the rapid development of the new-style school in the late Qing Dynasty was still difficult, it was still difficult to undertake the important task of primary education. Therefore, a private-school reform movement promoted by the government after the private advocacy first appeared in the field of education. This movement is broadly divided into investigation and persuasion, observation meeting will be held to set up institutes, screening and transformation of private school teachers, identified four steps. Due to a lack of strong leadership by the Central Government, resistance from the private sector and the deeply rooted social status of the private sector, the reform movement appeared to be thunder and rain with little success. This shows that the transition from traditional education to modern education inevitably has to go through a difficult process.