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目的比较麻疹疑似病例标本的酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)和实时荧光定量PCR(real-time PCR)检测方法,为提高麻疹诊断准确性提供依据。方法采用ELISA法和real-time PCR法检测404例麻疹疑似病例标本,比较两种方法检测不同出疹时期标本的阳性率及检测水平。结果 ELISA法检测血清麻疹Ig M阳性率为49.75%,real-time PCR法检测麻疹病毒核酸阳性率为56.19%。ELISA法检测的OD值随出疹时间推移呈上升趋势(r=0.987,P<0.01);而real-time PCR法的ΔCt值则呈下降趋势(r=-0.977,P<0.01)。出疹后2 d内采集的标本,real-time PCR法检测阳性率高于ELISA法(P<0.05);出疹后2 d及以上的标本,采用两种方法检测的阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论对出疹后2 d内的麻疹疑似病例宜用real-time PCR法诊断,对出疹后2 d及以上者则可用ELISA法诊断。
Objective To compare the detection methods of ELISA and real-time PCR in suspected cases of measles and provide basis for improving the diagnostic accuracy of measles. Methods 404 cases of suspected measles cases were detected by ELISA and real-time PCR, and the positive rate and detection level of the two methods were compared. Results The positive rate of IgM in measles virus was 49.75% by ELISA and 56.19% by real-time PCR. The OD value detected by ELISA showed an increasing tendency with the time of rash (r = 0.987, P <0.01), while the ΔCt value of real-time PCR showed a decreasing trend (r = -0.977, P <0.01). The positive rate of real-time PCR method was higher than that of ELISA method (P <0.05). The positive rate of two days after rash was no statistical difference Significance (P> 0.05). Conclusions The suspected measles cases within 2 days after rash diagnosis should be diagnosed by real-time PCR method and the ELISA method should be used to diagnose rash cases after 2 days or more.