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大豆是我国重要的油料作物和高蛋白粮饲兼用作物,具有与根瘤菌共生固氮的能力。近十几年来,我国大豆品种更新快,导致大豆根瘤菌株与新品种匹配能力差、接种效果不明显。筛选与主栽大豆品种匹配性好、固氮效率高的广谱性优良菌株,可为针对性的施用大豆根瘤菌接种剂提供菌种资源和方案。选取本实验室前期分离保存的6个优良快生型大豆根瘤菌株和2个慢生型大豆根瘤菌株,在砂培盆栽条件下与不同地区的27个大豆主栽品种进行匹配试验。测定分析了植株地上部分生物量、高度、根瘤数量、根瘤生物量和根瘤固氮酶活指标。结果表明:不同大豆根瘤菌之间结瘤固氮能力存在极显著的差异;供试根瘤菌均能够与国内24个大豆品种结瘤,广谱性较好;植株地上部分高度、根瘤数量、根瘤生物量和根瘤固氮酶活与地上部分生物量呈显著相关;大部分接种根瘤菌后的植物生物量显著高于CK;HN01、GR3、HH29、HH103匹配性和固氮效率均不逊色于USDA110,具有在东北地区、黄淮海地区、长江流域、东南地区推广的潜能;从品种来看,中豆39、BD2、天隆1号与8株供试大豆根瘤菌的匹配接种表现出高生物量特点。此外,本文还筛选出大豆-大豆根瘤菌的表型最佳匹配组合中豆39-GR3,适合长江流域地区;同样筛选到东北地区、黄淮海地区、东南地区最佳匹配组合,分别是HN01-辽豆14、HN01-徐豆14、HN01-BD2。本文初步建立了优良根瘤菌与大豆主栽品种的匹配关系,为在田间试验中进一步筛选和应用这些优良菌株提供了材料和指导。
Soybean is an important oilseed crop and high-protein foodstuff for both crops and crops in China. It has the symbiotic nitrogen fixation ability with Rhizobia. In recent ten years, the rapid updating of soybean varieties in China led to the poor adaptability of soybean rhizobia strains and new varieties, and the inoculation effect was not obvious. Screening good compatibility with the main soybean varieties, high nitrogen fixation efficiency of broad spectrum of excellent strains, for targeted administration of soybean rhizobium inoculant bacteria resources and programs. Six excellent fast-growing soybean rhizobia strains and two slow-growing soybean rhizobia strains isolated and isolated from our laboratory were selected and matched with 27 soybean cultivars in different regions under sand culture and pot culture conditions. The aboveground biomass, height, nodule number, nodule biomass and nodule nitrogenase activity were measured and analyzed. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the nodulation and nitrogen fixation ability between different soybean Rhizobium strains. The tested rhizobium could nodulate with 24 domestic soybean varieties, and had a good broad-spectrum. The above-ground part height, number of nodules, The amount of biomass and the activity of nitrogenase in root nodule were significantly correlated with aboveground biomass. The biomass of most plants after inoculation was significantly higher than that of CK. The matching and nitrogen fixation efficiency of HN01, GR3, HH29 and HH103 were not inferior to that of USDA110, Northeast China, Huang-Huai-Hai region, the Yangtze River and Southeast China. From the perspective of variety, the matching of Zhongyu 39, BD2, Tianlong 1 and 8 tested soybean rhizobia showed high biomass characteristics. In addition, we also screened the soybean-soybean rhizobia phenotype best matching combination Zhong-39-GR3, suitable for the Yangtze River Basin; the same screening to the Northeast, Huang-Huai-Hai region, the southeast region of the best match combinations are HN01- Liao bean 14, HN01-Xu beans 14, HN01-BD2. This article initially established a good match Rhizobium and soybean varieties, in the field trials to further screening and application of these excellent strains provide the material and guidance.