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目的探讨青少年抑郁障碍人格特征、父母教养方式、家庭环境的特点,为青少年抑郁障碍实施家庭干预、心理治疗提供依据。方法采用病例对照的研究方法,选取100例青少年抑郁症患者(研究组)和100例健康青少年(对照组),采用艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)、家庭环境量表中文版(FES-CV)、父母教养方式问卷(EMBU)对2组受试者进行测评,并对结果进行分析。结果 1青少年抑郁障碍与健康青少年在人格、父母教养方式和家庭环境三方面差异均存在统计学意义;2研究组在内外向维度评分显著低于对照组,在神经质维度评分显著高于对照组(P<0.01);研究组矛盾性得分显著增高,亲密度、情感表达、独立性、成功性、娱乐性、知识性得分较对照组显著降低(P<0.01);研究组父母情感温暖与理解因子分显著低于对照组,惩罚与严厉、拒绝与否认因子及母亲的过分干涉与保护、父亲的过分保护因子分显著高于对照组(P<0.01);3父母教养方式中的情感温暖与理解,与EPQ的内外向因子呈正相关,与精神质和神经质因子呈负相关,而父母双方的拒绝否认、惩罚严厉与EPQ的内外向因子呈负相关,父母双方的拒绝否认和惩罚严厉与EPQ的精神质和神经质因子呈正相关;家庭环境的亲密度、娱乐性与EPQ的4个维度均相关。结论 1相对于正常青少年,青少年抑郁障碍的人格、父母教养方式、家庭环境存在更多的问题;2不良家庭环境、不合理的父母教养方式会导致青少年人格问题、抑郁情绪的出现,改善青少年抑郁障碍患者的家庭环境、父母教养方式,会促进患者人格成长、疾病康复。
Objective To investigate the personality traits of depression, parental rearing patterns and family environment in adolescents, and to provide evidences for family intervention and psychological treatment for adolescent depression. Methods 100 cases of adolescent depression (study group) and 100 healthy adolescents (control group) were enrolled in this study. The EPQ, FES-CV, , Parental Rearing Questionnaire (EMBU) were used to evaluate two groups of subjects and the results were analyzed. Results 1 Differences in personality, parental rearing patterns and family environment between adolescent depression and healthy adolescents were statistically significant. 2 The scores of internal and external dimensions were significantly lower in the study group than in the control group, and were significantly higher in the neurotic dimension than in the control group (P <0.01). The contradictory score of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P <0.01). The scores of intimacy, emotion expression, independence, success, entertainment and knowledge were significantly decreased (P <0.01) .3 The emotional warmth and understanding in the parental rearing styles were significantly higher than those in the control group (P <0.01) .3 The scores of overprotective factors in the father were significantly higher than those in the control group , Negatively correlated with the extroversion factor of EPQ and negatively correlated with the psychoticism and neuroticism factor. However, both parents rejected and punished severely and negatively correlated with the extrinsic and extrinsic factors of EPQ. Both parents declined to deny and punish severe and EPQ There was a positive correlation between psychoticism and neuroticism. Family environment intimacy and entertaining were all related to 4 dimensions of EPQ. Conclusion 1 Relative to normal adolescents, there are more problems in the personality, parenting style and family environment of adolescent depression.2 Adverse family environment and unreasonable parental rearing patterns can lead to adolescent personality problems and depression, and improve teenage depression The family environment of patients with disabilities, parental rearing, will promote the patient’s personality growth, disease rehabilitation.