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本文概述了郑州市农村1975—81年伤寒流行特征:1、发病率和病死率明显下降.伤寒与付伤寒发病之比为24.8:1.付伤寒以付甲为主。2、发病有明显季节性,8～11月发病占全年发病的53.6～96.5%,平均为83.5%。10月为高峰月,月平均发病占病例总数的39.5%。而3～6月的散发病例是酿成流行高峰的重要传染源。若忽视此期疫源地的处理和查源灭源,可能会出现大的流行。一旦流行形成,即是落实了各项防治措施,流行高峰年过后,发病也要持续1～2年才会降到非流行年的一般发病水平。3、年龄分布以10～9岁组最高,占42.0%。且多集中发生在中力学生中,占33.6%。10～29岁组发病占67.0%。4、随着饮用水源的改变。病例的地区分布也发生了根本变化。1975年前,以平原地区发病率高。而1975年后,由于平原地区(特飘是低洼易涝地区)普遍饮用压井水。发病率明显降低(48.5～67.6/10万),而丘陵地区仍以饮用大口井水为主,造成水型暴发的危险性较大,发病率则相对增高(95.5/10万)5、流行年内的伤寒发病村,示有10.8～32.3%可形成暴发,而转年后可有24.6～58.5%的暴发村再出现散发或流行。因此,前一年的伤寒疫村是防治的重点。6、伤寒的临床表现趋向轻症化。轻型和不典型病例比重大(占84.6%),重型者少。体温多不规则,其他指征性症状与体征也发生了明显变化;白细胞总数占(55.1%和嗜酸性白细胞(占70.1%)减少,对伤寒病的诊断仍有较高的参考价值。7、落实管水、管粪、管病人、灭蝇和预防接种,是我区防治伤寒的有效措施。而在发病率降至10.0/10万以下后,根据确定疑似病例的3条意见,查询发热病人,对疑似病例及带菌者作到早发现和及时隔离治疗则是控制伤寒流行的关键。
This article summarizes the epidemiology of typhoid fever in rural areas of Zhengzhou in 1975-81: 1, morbidity and mortality decreased significantly, the incidence of typhoid fever and typhoid fever was 24.8: 1. 2, the incidence was significantly seasonal, 8-11 months incidence accounted for 53.6 to 96.5% of the annual incidence, with an average of 83.5%. October is the peak month, the monthly average incidence of 39.5% of the total cases. The cases of sporadic cases from March to June are important sources of infection leading to epidemic peak. If you ignore the treatment of this foci and check sources and sources, there may be a big epidemic. Once the epidemic is formed, that is, the implementation of various prevention and treatment measures, after the peak of the epidemic, the incidence will last 1-2 years before it will be reduced to the general incidence of non-epidemic years. 3, the age distribution of 10 to 9-year-old group was the highest, accounting for 42.0%. Concentration occurred in the concentration of students, accounting for 33.6%. The incidence of 10 ~ 29 age group accounted for 67.0%. 4, with changes in drinking water sources. The geographical distribution of cases has also undergone fundamental changes. Before 1975, the prevalence in the plains was high. After 1975, the well water was generally consumed due to the plain area (special floating low-lying flood prone area). (48.5-67.6 / 100000), while the hilly areas are still mainly drinking large well water, resulting in a greater risk of water-based outbreaks, the incidence is relatively high (95.5 / 100000) 5, epidemic year Of typhoid fever village, showing 10.8 ~ 32.3% can form an outbreak, but after the year may have 24.6 ~ 58.5% of the outbreak of the recurrence of the epidemic or epidemic. Therefore, the previous year’s typhoid epidemic prevention and control of the village is the focus. 6, the clinical manifestations of typhoid fever mild. Light and atypical cases a large proportion (84.6%), less severe. The body temperature was irregular and the other signs and symptoms also changed obviously. The total number of white blood cells accounted for (55.1%) and eosinophils (70.1%) decreased, which still had high reference value for the diagnosis of typhoid fever.7, Implementation of water management, tube manure, tube patients, flies and vaccination, is an effective measure to prevent and treat typhoid fever in our district.And in the incidence dropped to 10.0 / 100000 following, according to determine the suspected cases of 3 comments, check the fever patients , Early detection of suspected cases and carriers and timely isolation treatment is the key to control the epidemic of typhoid fever.